Final answer:
The Lord bringing again Judah and Jerusalem refers to the restoration of the people of Judah and the city of Jerusalem after their exile and the destruction of the temple. It occurred when the Persian Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonians and allowed the Jews to return to their land and rebuild their temple.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Lord bringing again Judah and Jerusalem refers to the restoration of the people of Judah and the city of Jerusalem after their exile and the destruction of the temple by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE. This restoration occurred when the Persian Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonians and allowed the Jews to return to their land and rebuild their temple. It was a significant event in Jewish history as it marked the return from exile and the reestablishment of their religious and cultural practices.