Final answer:
The term that best describes the wound healing process resulting in a prominent raised nodular scar is 'keloid formation.' Keloid scars are an excessive tissue response beyond the wound boundary, in contrast to hypertrophic scars, contractures, or healing by secondary intention. The correct option is Option 2: Hypertrophic scarring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition described in the question, where the wound resulted in a prominent raised nodular scar over 45 days, is best categorized as keloid formation. Keloids represent an overproduction of scar tissue where collagen formation continues even after the wound has healed, leading to a raised and sometimes disfiguring scar extending beyond the boundaries of the original wound.
It is crucial to differentiate between keloids and hypertrophic scarring; the latter does not extend beyond the wound's original boundaries and typically regresses over time. Another possible outcome of wound repair is contracture, which refers to the tightening of the skin at the site of the wound, often causing a restriction of movement. On the other hand, healing by secondary intention refers to the process of wound healing when the edges are not brought together, as in larger or more severe wounds, resulting in more significant scarring.
When managing a wound, it's essential to encourage primary union when possible, typically through suturing if the depth of the wound warrants it, to minimize scarring and avoid keloids or hypertrophic scars. For certain individuals prone to keloids, preventative measures and treatments, such as pressure therapy, silicone gel sheets, or even corticosteroid injections, may be used to manage scar formation post-injury.