Final answer:
The maximum degrees difference between the sunlight and shadow of the moon is 180 degrees, which occurs when one side of the Moon is fully illuminated and the opposite side is in complete darkness. The correct option is option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the degrees difference between the sunlight and shadow of the moon, which refers to the angular separation of the sunlit and shadowed parts of the moon as seen from Earth.
According to astronomical principles, as the Moon orbits Earth, the angle at which sunlight hits the Moon changes, and it is this changing angle that causes the phases of the Moon.
When considering the entire celestial sphere, the total angle is 360°, and the dome of the sky from one horizon to the opposite horizon is 180°.
This means the sunlight and shadow on the Moon can be at a maximum angular difference of 180 degrees, which is option 4 on the student's list. This occurs when the Moon is fully illuminated on one side, while the opposite side is in total darkness.