Final answer:
The two cars are approximately 3.16 kilometers apart when measured in a straight line.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the distance between the two cars, we can treat their paths as the legs of a right triangle. The northbound car has traveled 3 kilometers and the eastbound car has traveled 1 kilometer. Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the distance between the cars as follows:
d = sqrt((3 km)^2 + (1 km)^2) = sqrt(9 + 1) = sqrt(10) ≈ 3.16 km
Therefore, the two cars are approximately 3.16 kilometers apart when measured in a straight line.