Final answer:
The correct match for 'uproar' is option a) clamor. Loudness of sound is described by intensity level or decibel, and the unrepresented universal emotion is melancholy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word uproar is synonymous with a noisy commotion or disorderly outburst. The correct match for uproar from the given options would be a) clamor, which also refers to a loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting.
The options b) silence and d) calm are opposites of uproar, and c) confusion, while related, does not directly refer to the aspect of noise or loudness intrinsic to the meaning of uproar.
Addressing the reference question, the word or phrase used to describe the loudness of sound is b) intensity level or decibel.
The other options are related to different aspects of sound: a) frequency or oscillation refers to the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time, c) timbre is the quality of a musical note that distinguishes different types of sound production, and d) pitch is the perceived frequency of a sound.
As for one of the seven universal emotions that was not described in the chapter, the correct answer is C) melancholy since contempt, disgust, and anger are included as universal emotions.
In relation to sound production, the correct answer is A. amplitude, as a tuning fork, a violin string, and a loudspeaker produce sounds when they are in a state of vibration or oscillation that creates changes in air pressure, perceivable as sound.
Amplitude is involved in determining the loudness of sound, while frequency affects pitch, speed can refer to the rate of the sound wave's travel, and waveform refers to the shape of the wave that describes the repetitive pattern of the sound vibration.