Final answer:
The word 'vagabond' best matches with 'tramp.' Horticultural societies were the first to have permanent residents. Low status consistency is best illustrated by a college dropout becoming a highly successful entrepreneur. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term vagabond matches with option a) tramp. A vagabond is someone who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or job. In contrast, a homeowner (option b) is typically settled in one place, a traveler (option c) might be someone on a trip or vacation, and a hermit (option d) lives in seclusion, but not necessarily without a fixed home.
Regarding societies and permanent residents, the first societies to have permanent residents were the horticultural societies (option c). Horticultural societies practiced a form of stationary agriculture which allowed them to settle in one place. This is in contrast to hunter-gatherer societies (option b) which were nomadic, industrial societies (option a) which came much later, and feudal societies (option d) which were more structured around a rigid class system and land ownership.
When we talk about low status consistency, we refer to a situation where an individual's status varies greatly across different realms of social life. The statement that illustrates low status consistency is option c), a college dropout who launches an online company that earns millions in its first year. This scenario showcases a significant inconsistency between the expected low social status of a college dropout and the high economic status achieved by quickly becoming a successful entrepreneur.