Final answer:
The 'tragedy' of Simón Bolívar refers to his recognition of social inequalities in Latin America preventing lower classes from achieving independence, perpetuated by the Spanish colonial system which deprived many of fundamental rights and social mobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Gabriel García Márquez, the tragedy of Simón Bolívar was his recognition of the deep inequalities and social divisions in Latin American society, which he believed hindered the ability of the lower classes to successfully achieve independence. Bolívar's letter revealed a creole bias, where he lamented the lack of liberty, equality, property, and security for the mixed-race peoples of the Americas due to the Spanish colonial system. These factors forced the population onto the lowest social rungs, barring them from meaningful participation in the sociopolitical and economic affairs of their countries, leading to a legacy of oppression and vice.