Final answer:
The diagram showing a cat's behavior change in response to stimuli represents classical conditioning, a principle of behaviorism where an association between a stimulus and response is formed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asked relates to the principles of behavior within the field of psychology. When describing how a cat's behavior is affected by exposure to different stimuli, the diagram refers to the process by which an animal's behavior can transform due to specific factors or experiences. Classical conditioning is a major tenet of behaviorism that fits this scenario, wherein an animal can learn to associate a stimulus with a specific response, sometimes through a single pairing experiment. In contrast, operant conditioning involves a behavior being modified by its consequences, such as through rewards or punishments, as demonstrated by B.F. Skinner with rats associating lever pressing with obtaining food.