Final answer:
Berk recognizes two primary production processes that structure the domestic division of labor: the extended-family work groups in pre-industrial societies and the regimented industrial wage labor that arose in the 1700s, transforming how goods are produced and how labor is organized.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Berk, the two production processes that hold our current arrangement for the domestic division of labor are the extended-family work groups and industrial wage labor. The former refers to the pre-industrial system in which work is managed within the family unit, with a degree of autonomy over work cycles and distribution based on individual needs. In contrast, the rise of industrialism in the 1700s introduced the latter system, characterized by the use of wage labor in factories where workers have little control over work conditions, and no ownership of the goods produced. This mechanization and regimentation of labor represented a significant shift from agrarian lifestyles to urban industrial settings.
Moreover, the concept of the division of labor, as observed by Smith in pin factories, demonstrates that when workers specialize in certain tasks, productivity is greatly increased. This is due to factors such as enhanced skill through repetition, reduced time spent transitioning between different tasks, and the possibility to innovate and optimize specific parts of the production process. Industrial society thus saw the emergence of regimented wage labor, changing the nature of work.