Final answer:
One calorie (cal) is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C, which is Answer A.
Step-by-step explanation:
1 calorie (cal) is equivalent to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C, specifically between 14.5°C to 15.5°C at one atmosphere of pressure. It is important not to confuse this with the dietary Calorie (spelled with a capital C), also known as the kilocalorie (kcal), which is the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Therefore, the correct answer is A) The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.