Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is b. directing, which describes the managerial process of running day-to-day operations. It entails oversight, leadership, and guidance of an organization's immediate activities, differing from the more strategic nature of planning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which managers run day-to-day operations is most accurately described by option b. directing. This involves overseeing the immediate activities of a business, ensuring that employees are working towards the company's goals, and making necessary decisions along the way.
Directing includes motivating employees, guiding their efforts through leadership and communication, resolving conflicts, and setting the course for daily operations.
On the other hand, planning (option a) typically refers to setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. It is more strategic and long-term in nature. Executing (option c) can be synonymous with both directing and carrying out plans but is a broader term that can include various managerial functions.
Option d suggests that none of the choices are correct; however, in the context of managerial functions, 'directing' is a standard term used to describe the process of running day-to-day operations.
In conclusion, the correct answer is b. directing, which aligns with the functions of management described in various business management frameworks.