Final answer:
The Ten Commandments established the Israelites as the chosen people under God's protection, which defined their religious and cultural identity and was central to their Covenant with God.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ten Commandments played a pivotal role in the historical narrative of the Israelites. By agreeing to and following these commandments, the Israelites became God's protection and were thus known as the chosen people. The commandments were a set of religious and moral imperatives that were given to the Israelites by God through Moses. According to the narratives found in the Hebrew Bible, adherence to these commandments was necessary for the Israelites to maintain a special relationship with God and to secure their prosperity in the Promised Land. This covenant with God marked the Israelites as a distinct community with a unique destiny and obligations.
The consequent historical accounts of the Israelites display that, through following the commandments and displaying faithfulness to God, they were able to establish the Kingdom of Israel. Unlike the other options listed, such as the Israelites being free from disease, wealthy and prosperous, or nomadic wanderers, being the chosen people is the defining outcome of their adherence to the Ten Commandments and is central to the understanding of their religious and cultural identity in the context of the Covenant with God.