Final answer:
Software security design flaws include incorrect trust assumptions, neglecting to authorize after authentication, not explicitly validating all data, and failure to identify sensitive data and how they should be handled.
Step-by-step explanation:
Software security design flaws refer to weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the design of a software system that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or manipulate the system. Some examples of software security design flaws include:
- Incorrect trust assumptions: This occurs when a software system assumes that certain entities can be trusted without properly verifying their identity or permissions. For example, a system may trust a user based on their IP address without considering the possibility of IP spoofing.
- Neglecting to authorize after authentication: This refers to a situation where a system authenticates a user but fails to properly enforce access control policies. For instance, a system may authenticate a user but allow them to access sensitive data or perform privileged actions without proper authorization.
- Not explicitly validating all data: This occurs when a system fails to validate the input data provided by users or other sources. It can lead to vulnerabilities like SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, where attackers exploit the system by injecting malicious code.
- Failure to identify sensitive data and how they should be handled: This refers to a situation where a system does not properly identify and protect sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information or financial data. It can result in data breaches and privacy violations if the data is not handled securely.