Final answer:
The condition causing separation of the aorta's inner layers is Aortic Dissection, while Aortic Aneurysm, Stenosis, and Regurgitation involve dilation, narrowing, and leaking of the aortic valve respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that can cause the inner layers of the aorta to become separated is Aortic Dissection. The aorta consists of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta, which includes thoracic and abdominal regions. An aortic dissection is a serious condition in which a tear develops in the inner layer of the aorta's wall, allowing blood to enter between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers apart. On the other hand, an aortic aneurysm involves a dilation of the aortic wall, aortic stenosis refers to the narrowing of the aortic valve, and aortic regurgitation involves leaking of the aortic valve, causing blood to flow in the reverse direction.