Final answer:
Military hand salutes are rendered to senior officers as a sign of respect and recognition of their authority; they are not typically rendered to civilians, subordinates, or family members.
Step-by-step explanation:
In military tradition, hand salutes are rendered as a sign of respect and recognition of authority. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, 'Who do you render hand salutes to?' is B) To senior officers. The hand salute is a long-standing form of greeting in the military that demonstrates professionalism and acknowledges the hierarchy within the service. Only commissioned and warrant officers are typically saluted, which corresponds to the officers senior to the person giving the salute. Enlisted personnel do not exchange salutes except in some formal situations or when rendering reports. Civilians, subordinates, and family members, generally are not saluted in military tradition.