Final answer:
Deadlock in a set of processes with critical sections depends on resource management and system design; it's not guaranteed but can be prevented with a structured design process and proper concurrency controls.
Step-by-step explanation:
When designing a set of processes with critical sections, the outcome regarding deadlock is not absolute; it is possible to design a system in which deadlock may occur, but it is not a certainty. Whether or not a deadlock always, never, or may occur depends heavily on how the processes and resources are managed and the specific implementation of resource allocation, process scheduling, and synchronization mechanisms.
A properly designed system with critical sections typically employs concurrency control mechanisms to prevent deadlock, such as using algorithms that prevent or avoid deadlock, or that detect and recover from deadlock. For example, the implementation of a structured design process can reduce the likelihood of overlooking important issues, such as potential deadlock situations. Effective communication within the design team, thorough documentation, and continuous improvement processes are crucial for mitigating risks of poor design decisions that could lead to deadlocks.
Therefore, when you design a set of processes with critical sections, you may still have deadlock, but it is not a given; careful design and management can prevent deadlock from occurring in a system.