Final answer:
Price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. Elasticity values above 1 indicate elastic demand, values below 1 indicate inelastic demand, and a value of 1 indicates unit elastic demand.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the price elasticity of demand, we divide the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price.
a. When an 8 percent change in the price of a good brings about a 12 percent change in its quantity demanded, we calculate the price elasticity of demand to be 1.50 (12/8 = 1.5). We can say that demand for this good is elastic.
b. When a 4 percent change in the price of a good brings about a 4 percent change in its quantity demanded, we calculate the price elasticity of demand to be 1.00 (4/4 = 1). We can say that demand for this good is unit elastic.
c. When a 10 percent change in the price of a good brings about a 4 percent change in its quantity demanded, we calculate the price elasticity of demand to be 0.40 (4/10 = 0.4). We can say that demand for this good is inelastic.