Final answer:
The mixed constitution in Sparta was a combination of monarchy, oligarchy, and limited democracy and was known for its military efficiency. It influenced Roman governance and represents an alternative model to Athenian democracy. The Spartan constitution did not directly lead to the Peloponnesian War, nor did it introduce a monarchy or establish direct democracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mixed constitution in Sparta was significant because it was considered one of the most stable and enduring political systems of its time. As an oligarchy led by two kings, this system enabled Sparta to exercise stringent control over its citizens and military, contributing to its status as a major military power in ancient Greece. The Spartan constitution, allegedly instituted by the legendary lawgiver Lycurgus, was characterized by a combination of monarchy, oligarchy, and limited democracy. This mixed political structure did not lead directly to the Peloponnesian War, although Spartan hegemony and rivalry with democratic Athens played a critical role in the outbreak of that conflict.
The Spartan system of governance did not establish direct democracy; rather, it provided an alternative model to that of Athens, where a broader, albeit still limited, form of democracy allowed all adult male citizens to participate in government. Instead, the Spartan system heavily influenced Roman governance, particularly in the conceptualization of political balance and checks on power. While Spartan society did not introduce a monarchy in the traditional sense, as their dual monarchy pre-existed during the Homeric era, the idea of having two kings may have had an impact on later political thought.