Final answer:
The central passage in the Bible affirming natural law is Romans 2:14-15, which indicates that the law is written in the hearts of Gentiles, aligning with the Theistic Natural Law Theory and Aquinas's natural law theory. These theories suggest that natural law is divinely created and discovered through reason, and divine law such as the Ten Commandments must align with natural law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central passage in the Bible that affirms natural law is D) Romans 2:14-15. This passage explains that Gentiles who do not have the law by nature do the things contained in the law; they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness. It aligns with Theistic Natural Law Theory, which posits that God created nature, natural laws, and humans, and endowed humans with reason to discover these laws. Moreover, Thomas Aquinas's classical natural law theory states that natural law must align with divine law, revealed by God, such as the Ten Commandments.
The Golden Rule, which is a fundamental ethical principle found across various religions and philosophies, also resonates with the idea of natural law by promoting behavior that maintains a natural order and respects the inherent value of individuals. However, according to Aquinas, insights into moral and ethical behavior cannot be derived solely from human nature, as human behavior is greatly influenced by environment and education, and natural laws are considered to have a divine origin that surpasses mere biological or evolutionary constructs.
Therefore, to understand and affirm natural law within a biblical context, one would turn to scriptures like Romans 2:14-15, which are believed to be divinely revealed and reflect the natural moral order established by God.