Final answer:
The unifying theme of Old Testament ethics is often considered to be holiness, which signifies a separation from sin and an embodiment of God's will. It encompasses personal morality and social responsibilities, including significant emphasis on social justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The unifying theme of Old Testament ethics can be understood from its historical context. Holiness is commonly regarded as the central and unifying theme throughout the Old Testament's texts. This theme encapsulates the idea that followers are to separate themselves from sin and embody God's will in their moral conduct, striving to be 'holy' as God is holy. The ethical teachings found in the Old Testament emphasize not only personal morality but also social responsibilities, such as the treatment of the poor and the oppressed. However, the idea of egalitarianism, where all Jews were seen as equal before God, is another key aspect that contributed to the development of social and ethical norms within Judaism.
Social justice is also a significant aspect within Old Testament ethics, reflecting the obligations of individuals and society to uphold justice and fairness in their dealings with one another. This perspective aligns with some of the practices evidenced in Jewish law, such as the concept of Jubilee, which included the release of slaves and forgiving of debts to ensure community fairness and equality.
Moving beyond the multiple-choice answers provided, it is clear that Old Testament ethics encompass a broad range of principles that cannot be sufficiently captured by only one of the choices. Nonetheless, holiness remains a recurrent touchstone for understanding Old Testament ethical imperatives, influencing diverse aspects of life and law in the ancient Jewish community.