Final answer:
The theist argues that moral knowledge derives from a divine source and is objectively true, an argument grounded in the belief that there is an objective moral order established by God. This contrasts with subjectivist views that see moral values as rooted in cultural norms or personal perspectives. Discussions like the Euthyphro problem raise philosophical questions about the dependence of moral values on a divine being.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theist argues that moral knowledge is grounded in a divine source, contrary to the idea that it's subjective or merely a cultural construction. This stance is associated with the belief in objective moral values that are universally valid and given by a divine being. Theists believe that God is the source of all moral knowledge and that this knowledge is not just based on cultural norms or subjective interpretations but on an objective moral order that holds true for all individuals regardless of their social or cultural context.
In the context of moral realism and moral skepticism, moral realists uphold the belief that there are certain moral facts and values that are objectively true. However, moral skeptics contest this notion, emphasizing that moral values are inherently different from empirical facts. They point out that values are rooted in normative claims (what ought to be) rather than descriptive claims (what is), and thus cannot be proven in the same way as empirical facts.
Questions like the Euthyphro problem pose challenges for theological ethical systems. This problem asks whether something is good simply because God commands it, or if God commands it because it is inherently good. Theists, and more specifically those who adhere to divine command theory, may argue that moral knowledge and the distinction between right and wrong are intrinsically linked to God's commands or nature.