Final answer:
Globalization's rate can be increased by advances in technology, lower trade barriers, and the spread of knowledge. Conversely, it can be slowed by protectionist policies, xenophobia, economic downturns, and political instability. Higher education levels generally lead to more favorable perceptions of globalization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors Influencing the Rate of Globalization
Several factors can increase the rate of globalization. Advances in transportation and telecommunications, such as the Internet, have significantly contributed to globalization by enabling faster and more efficient global communication and travel. Furthermore, international trade policies that lower barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, facilitate the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders, thus promoting globalization. Another factor is the dissemination of knowledge through educational exchange and media, which fosters a more interconnected global community.
On the other hand, factors that could decrease the rate of globalization include protectionist trade policies that increase tariffs and restrict import quotas to protect domestic industries. Additionally, the rise of xenophobia and nationalistic ideologies may lead to a preference for domestic over foreign goods and services, reducing international trade. Economic downturns and political instability can also slow down the process by causing countries to focus inwardly rather than engaging with the global market.
Education levels and perceived material gains also play a role in shaping individuals' preferences toward globalization and market liberalization. Higher education levels tend to correlate with more positive views of globalization, likely because of a better understanding of the potential benefits and the skills to adapt to global market demands.