Final answer:
The correct number of chromosomes and sister chromatids for mitosis is 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; for meiosis I, it's 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; and for meiosis II, it's 23 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids. The correct answer to the student's question is D) Mitosis: 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; Meiosis I: 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; Meiosis II: 23 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of chromosomes and sister chromatids during different stages of cell division are essential for understanding the processes of mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, a human cell has 46 chromosomes, and each chromosome is replicated to consist of two identical sister chromatids, totaling 92 sister chromatids before division. After mitosis, each daughter cell gets 46 chromosomes.
During meiosis I, the cell still has 46 chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids, resulting in a total of 92 sister chromatids. This stage is followed by the reduction division which cuts the number of chromosomes in half. In meiosis II, cells have 23 chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids, which are separated, leading to a total of 46 sister chromatids at the beginning of the process. However, after meiosis II, each of the four resultant gametes has 23 single-stranded chromosomes.
The correct answer to the student's question is D) Mitosis: 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; Meiosis I: 46 chromosomes, 92 sister chromatids; Meiosis II: 23 chromosomes, 46 sister chromatids.