Question

What does lactose tolerance testing establish?

a. The presence of lactose in a sample
b. An individual's ability to digest lactose
c. The fat content in milk
d. The level of lactase enzyme in the body

Answer 1

Lactose tolerance testing is used to establish if an individual can digest lactose, where a deficiency in lactase leads to lactose intolerance, which can be diagnosed with a hydrogen breath test or intestinal biopsy.

Step-by-step explanation:

Lactose tolerance testing is used to determine an individual's ability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. This condition, known as lactose intolerance, is when a person lacks sufficient levels of the enzyme lactase, which is necessary for the digestion of lactose.

Symptoms of lactose intolerance can include bloating, cramps, nausea, and vomiting. To diagnose this condition, a hydrogen breath test is commonly performed. After consuming a lactose-containing drink, if the lactose is not digested due to low lactase levels, it is fermented by bacteria in the colon, producing hydrogen gas. This gas is then exhaled and can be measured in a person's breath to confirm lactose intolerance. Other methods such as an intestinal biopsy can further confirm the diagnosis by measuring lactase activity directly in the small intestine's tissue.