Final answer:
Health care rationing in the U.S. is influenced by insurance companies, healthcare providers, and market forces. Medicare serves those over 65, and the first worker's health insurance originated from Germany. Various models for health care and insurance, including fee-for-service and HMOs, address different aspects of health care delivery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Decisions regarding the rationing of health care in the United States are complex and are influenced by a combination of insurance companies, healthcare providers, and market forces and individual choices. Each of these entities play a role in determining how health care resources are allocated and who receives them. For instance, insurance companies often make decisions about what will be covered under their plans and what will not, effectively rationing care by coverage decisions. Healthcare providers decide on the necessary treatments and interventions for their patients, which can be influenced by the insurance coverage available. Lastly, market forces and individual choices affect the consumption of healthcare services as individuals choose whether to seek care based on their own financial capabilities and perceived needs.
The individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform, requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty, enforcing participation in the health insurance market to broaden the insurance pool and prevent adverse selection. When it comes to public healthcare systems in the U.S., Medicare offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old. The first country to provide health insurance for workers was Germany.
In terms of health policy, while there is a significant governmental role, many solutions to the issues of moral hazard and adverse selection involve private market decisions. There are different models, such as fee-for-service and health maintenance organizations (HMOs), each with their own way of managing health care delivery.