Final answer:
The correct protocol for reporting suspicions of abuse in a bureaucracy is through formal reporting procedures to the appropriate authorities.
Step-by-step explanation:
When faced with suspicions of abuse or misconduct within a bureaucracy, the recommended protocol for reporting is Formal reporting procedures to the appropriate authorities (D). This is because bureaucracies often aim to protect their reputation and may be resistant to internal criticism, posing a dilemma for individuals who notice wrongdoing. Personal communication (A), email notification (B), and direct confrontation (C) may not provide the procedural safeguards and official records required for a proper and thorough investigation. The formal reporting procedure ensures that a record is kept, and that the matter is handled through official channels which are designed to deal with such issues while providing some protection to the whistleblower.