Final answer:
The Healthy Worker Effect is the type of bias that might be expected in this study. The bias could mask any potential association between noise exposure and diabetes in construction workers. (option C)
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bias that might be expected in this study design is The Healthy Worker Effect. The Healthy Worker Effect refers to the phenomenon where a cohort of workers appears to have better health outcomes compared to the general population due to the requirement of good health to be employed in certain professions. A potential solution would be to include a comparison group from a different occupation with similar noise exposure levels. In this case, construction workers may have undergone a thorough health screening before being hired, resulting in a healthier cohort compared to the general population. This would mask any potential association between noise exposure and diabetes.
A potential solution to minimize this bias would be to include a comparison group of workers from different occupations with similar levels of noise exposure but without the same health screening requirements. This would help to reveal the true association between noise exposure and diabetes.