Final answer:
When the p-value is less than the alpha, we reject the null hypothesis. The p-value represents the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the observed test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true. The rejection region is determined by the alpha level and includes test statistic values that lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the p-value is less than the alpha, we reject the null hypothesis (H0). The p-value is a measure of the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. It represents the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the observed test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
The alpha, also known as the significance level, is the threshold that determines the level of evidence required to reject the null hypothesis. It is typically set at 0.05 or 0.01.
The rejection region is the range of test statistic values for which the null hypothesis is rejected. It is determined by the chosen alpha level. If the p-value is less than the alpha, the observed test statistic falls into the rejection region, providing sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.