Final answer:
Transition economies face challenges related to climate change, such as reducing carbon emissions, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and meeting international environmental standards while integrating into global value chains.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the process of transitioning from a centralized to more market-oriented economy, transition economies face various challenges related to climate change. One of the major challenges is the need to reduce carbon emissions and shift to cleaner energy sources. For example, a Central Asian country with a carbon-intensive economy like Kazakhstan faces the challenge of reducing its reliance on coal and oil for energy production. This requires investing in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.
Another challenge is adapting to the impacts of climate change, such as droughts and water scarcity. Central Asian countries heavily rely on water from major rivers flowing from the mountains, but climate change can affect the availability and flow of these rivers. This requires implementing sustainable water management practices and finding alternative water sources.
Additionally, integrating with global value chains while transitioning to a market-oriented economy presents challenges related to meeting international environmental standards and regulations. This may involve implementing emissions reduction measures, improving waste management systems, and promoting sustainable production practices.