Final answer:
The highest level directory in the provided path is C:\. It is true that dictionary data is typically lost when a program terminates unless explicitly saved using a special function or technique.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding File Paths and Data Persistence in Programming
The name of the highest level directory in the path C:\Windows\System\Calc.exe is C:\. This is known as the root directory in the Windows file system.
The statement that dictionary data is lost when a program terminates unless you use a special shelve function is generally true. Most programming languages store data like dictionaries in memory during execution, and when the program ends, the data is not automatically saved to a file or database unless explicitly coded to persist using techniques like shelve in Python, serialization, or writing to a database.