Final answer:
The notion that Steps 2-4 of the decision-making model can be skipped for programmed decisions is false.
Such decisions follow established procedures but still require careful execution of the model's steps.
Dillon's Rule actually limits local autonomy, majority rule might not yield a clear outcome with multiple options, and decision-makers often consider their own and others' interests.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that when managers make programmed decisions, they do not need to complete Steps 2 through 4 of the decision-making model is false.
Programmed decisions refer to routine decisions that follow standard procedures, and thus they don't typically require extensive problem-solving or in-depth analysis.
However, non-programmed decisions deal with unusual or novel problems and typically require following a decision-making model meticulously.
The conventional decision-making model includes identifying the problem, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, making the decision, implementing the decision, and evaluating the decision.
In the context of decision-making by humans, it is observed that individuals often consider the interests of themselves and others.
This showcases that decision-making can encompass a variety of perspectives and isn't exclusively self-interested or community-focused.
Moreover, in situations governed by majority rule and involving more than two choices, achieving a preferred outcome can indeed fail, as the majority may be split among several options.
As for Dillon's Rule, it is false that it gives local governments freedom and flexibility. Instead, Dillon's Rule is a legal principle that states local governments only have those powers that are expressly granted to them by state law, the state constitution, or implied or inferred from those expressly granted, which often limits local government autonomy.