Final answer:
The correct answer is (a) A small percentage; rote memorization, which aligns with contemporary teaching methods that prioritize critical thinking over simple memorization. Examples include probability questions and section quizzes with diverse question types that test a variety of cognitive skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
This reflects the current understanding of effective teaching strategies where emphasis is placed on critical thinking and conceptual understanding rather than simply memorizing facts. The information provided indicates a focus on review questions and critical thinking questions, suggesting that while some questions may rely on simple recall (a small percentage requiring rote memorization), there is a greater value placed on higher-order thinking skills that demand application, analysis, and evaluation of information, which are typically associated with critical thinking and often require creative or sophisticated answers.
For example, a question like 'Find the probability that a student guesses more than 75 percent of the questions correctly' requires application of understanding probability and is not based on rote memorization. Another example is that section quizzes often include a mix of multiple-choice and open-response questions to assess a range of skills. Collectively, these approaches in educational assessments aim to provide opportunities for students to engage in adaptive and analytical thinking.