Final answer:
Modern Day Debates about the role of central government, state powers, and the rights of citizens are most significant in the United States. This is due to its federal system of government, where states can enact laws that do not conflict with federal law or the U.S. Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modern Day Debates often revolve around issues related to the role of the central government, the powers of the state governments, and the rights of the people. When considering the country in which this is a significant topic, we look towards those with federal systems where power is shared between a national government and regional governments. The United States stands out in this context, as it not only operates on a federal system but also has specific constitutional amendments (the 9th and 10th Amendments) that clarify state rights compared to the national government. This structure indicates that the correct answer to the question is (b) United States.
Unlike unitary state systems such as those found in France and Japan, where the central government typically holds outsized power over the rest of the country, the United States' federal system provides a balance where states have the ability to enact their own laws on certain matters as long as they are not in conflict with federal laws. This has resulted in a diverse range of policy approaches to issues like same-sex marriage and immigration across the country. The United States' history has seen ongoing conflicts and debates around the balance of power between federal and state governments, the rights of the people, and what it means to be American, making it a prime example of a nation where discussions about the role and powers of various levels of government are continually significant.