Final answer:
A resource monopoly is the barrier to entry in the scenario described, where a sole company knows the source of a special metal. This ties into the economic principle of international trade, illustrated by the business relationship between Apple and Samsung, where collaboration happens despite their rivalry so that each can focus on their respective strengths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The barrier to entry that exists in the smartphone industry, as described in the scenario where only one company knows where a special metal used in chips can be obtained, is known as a resource monopoly. This situation occurs when a company has exclusive access to a particular resource that is necessary for production. The concept connects to the broader economic logic behind international trade, where firms like Apple and Samsung work together despite being competitors. They do so because trade is viewed as a mutually beneficial exchange. Samsung, as a substantial supplier, focuses on manufacturing the best components, allowing Apple to concentrate on design and user experience. By specializing in their respective strengths, both companies, and by extension the countries they represent, can achieve gains from trade.
Figure captions indicating that 26% of the iPhone's component costs come from Samsung illustrate the interconnectedness of international trade and the sometimes complex relationships between competing firms. Additionally, the pursuit of innovation is another factor driving companies to work together and find ways to produce more efficiently or create more desirable products, as highlighted by Samsung's CEO Gregory Lee's commitment to new innovation.