Final answer:
An outlier is a value that is significantly different from other values in a data set. In this case, the outlier is 87 because it is much larger than the other values.
Step-by-step explanation:
An outlier is a value that is significantly different from other values in a data set. In this data set: 16, 40, 41, 43, 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 56, and 87, the outlier is 87 because it is much larger than the other values. To determine outliers, you can use the formula: Q1 - 1.5 * IQR (interquartile range) as the lower bound and Q3 + 1.5 * IQR as the upper bound. Any data points below the lower bound or above the upper bound can be considered outliers. In this case, the IQR is 13 and Q1 is 43.5. So, the lower bound is 43.5 - 1.5 * 13 = 23.25. The upper bound is 43.5 + 1.5 * 13 = 63.75. As we can see, 87 is greater than the upper bound, so it is considered an outlier.