Question

Given the following reasoning: "It is false that all computer scientists know logic and They program in Fortran." As formalized by an expression:

a. ¬ (Ǝx) (Ix → ( Lx ˄ Fx ))
b. ¬ (Ǝx) (Ix → ( Lx v Fx ))
c. ¬ (∀x) (Ix v ( Lx ˄ Fx ))
d. ¬ (∀x) (Ix → ( Lx ˄ Fx ))

Answer 1

The correct expression that formalizes the given reasoning is ¬ (∀x) (Ix → ( Lx ˄ Fx ))

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct expression that formalizes the given reasoning is d. ¬ (∀x) (Ix → ( Lx ˄ Fx )). This expression represents the negation of the statement that for all computer scientists (Ix), if they know logic (Lx), then they program in Fortran (Fx). By using the negation operator (∼) and the universal quantifier (∀), we can accurately represent the given reasoning.