Final answer:
Ceramic materials can be classified into two sub-categories: oxide ceramics and non-oxide ceramics. Oxide ceramics, such as alumina, are made up of metallic and non-metallic elements bonded through ionic or covalent bonds. Non-oxide ceramics, such as silicon carbide, are made up of non-metallic elements bonded through covalent bonds. These materials have properties such as high melting temperature, hardness, poor conductivity, and chemical resistance. Their applications include cutting tools, electrical insulators, abrasive materials, and electronic devices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classification of Ceramic Materials
Oxide Ceramics: Oxide ceramics are made up of metallic and non-metallic elements bonded together through ionic or covalent bonds. One example of an oxide ceramic is alumina (Al2O3).
Non-Oxide Ceramics: Non-oxide ceramics are made up of non-metallic elements bonded together through covalent bonds. One example of a non-oxide ceramic is silicon carbide (SiC).
Properties of Ceramic Materials
High Melting Temperature: Ceramic materials have high melting points, making them useful for applications that require resistance to high temperatures.
Hardness: Ceramics are generally hard materials and have a high resistance to scratches and wear.
Poor Conductivity: Most ceramics are good thermal and electrical insulators.
Chemical Resistance: Ceramics are resistant to chemical reactions, making them suitable for applications in corrosive environments.
Applications and Limitations
Alumina: Alumina is used in applications such as cutting tools, electrical insulators, and protective coatings due to its high hardness and chemical resistance.
Silicon Carbide: Silicon carbide is used in applications such as abrasive materials, refractory linings, and electronic devices due to its high hardness and excellent thermal conductivity.