Final answer:
The alliterative phrase emphasizes the bees' commitment to work and obliviousness, paralleling the bustling human activity in a wealth-driven society. The correct option is B. It emphasizes the commitment of the bees to their work and obliviousness to their plight.
Step-by-step explanation:
The alliterative phrase "like so many merchantmen in a money making metropolis" serves primarily to emphasize the commitment of the bees to their work and their obliviousness to their plight, mirroring the hustle and industriousness of humans in a mercantilist or capitalist society.
This alliteration is not just a stylish literary device but also aids in drawing a parallel between the labor of the bees and the labor of humans in pursuit of wealth and survival. Alliteration creates a rhythmic flow that resembles the busy and constant movement found in a metropolis, thereby providing a vivid imagery of activity and emphasizing the thematic elements of the text.