The Northern Hemisphere will experience summer at point A if it represents a position where the hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, as evidenced by more direct sunlight and longer days in June due to Earth's axial tilt.
To make a claim about which season the Northern Hemisphere will experience if Earth moves to point A, we must consider Earth's axial tilt and the position in its orbit.
If point A represents a position where the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the claim would be that it's experiencing summer. The evidence supporting this claim includes:
During June, the Earth's Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun leading to more direct sunlight and consequently, warmer temperatures.
Longer days are experienced in the Northern Hemisphere during June due to this tilt, which correlates with the summer season.
Reasoning: The reasons behind these seasonal changes are not due to the Earth's proximity to the Sun, but rather its axial tilt. The Earth's orbit around the Sun is an ellipse, but the variation in distance is minimal and not enough to cause significant temperature changes. Moreover, during January, when Earth is closest to the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere actually experiences winter, which contradicts the hypothesis of distance being the governing factor.
The tilt of Earth's axis means that during different times of the year, each hemisphere will either lean towards or away from the Sun, creating the seasonal patterns we observe.