Final answer:
Sputum collection is performed to identify pathogens in respiratory infections and guide treatment via culture and sensitivity tests. Indications include suspected infections, chronic cough, and monitoring chronic respiratory diseases. Collection involves clearing the mouth, deep coughs, and expectorating into a sterile container.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sputum collection is a common clinical procedure done to diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the lungs and airways. The primary reason for collecting sputum is to identify pathogens present in the respiratory tract that may be causing infection. Performing culture and sensitivity tests on the sputum can help to identify the specific bacteria or fungi responsible for an infection and determine which antibiotics or antifungals the microorganisms are sensitive to, enabling targeted treatment.
Three indications for collecting sputum include:
- Suspected bacterial infection, such as tuberculosis or pneumonia
- Evaluation of chronic cough or lung conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Monitoring patients with cystic fibrosis or other chronic respiratory diseases
To collect a sputum culture, it is important to follow specific steps to ensure the sample's integrity:
- The patient should be instructed to clear their throat and mouth with water to avoid contamination of the sample with oral bacteria.
- The patient then takes several deep breaths and coughs deeply to produce sputum from the lungs.
- The sputum is then expectorated into a sterile container, avoiding any contact with the container's exterior or other surfaces.