Final answer:
Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract that affects the alveoli, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease causing difficulty breathing. The patient in the question has advanced COPD with complications of pneumonia and acute renal failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pneumonia is a common inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract that affects primarily the alveoli, leading to fluid accumulation and impaired gas exchange. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by chronic poor airflow, causing shortness of breath and a productive cough. In this patient's case, he has advanced COPD, which has been further complicated by pneumonia and acute renal failure.