Final answer:
Biology involves studying the effects of hormones like insulin on the body, assessing patients' health through measures like BMI, and understanding the evolution of the immune system's response to frequent, lethal wounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of hormones and their effects on the body relates to the field of endocrinology, a branch of biology. An example would be illustrating how insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is vital for maintaining normal blood glucose levels. A diagram could show insulin facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, which decreases blood glucose concentration and prevents hyperglycemia. In conditions where insulin is insufficient or not functioning correctly, as in diabetes mellitus, this homeostatic balance is disrupted, leading to health complications.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to classify individuals into weight categories based on their weight relative to their height. Assessing a patient's BMI can help identify potential health and nutritional concerns, such as obesity or undernutrition. Once identified, recommendations can be made, such as dietary changes or exercise regimens to improve health.
The interaction between the immune system and nervous system can be modeled to understand how frequent and potentially lethal wounds have driven the evolution of their activation and response mechanisms. The selection process in such a model would consider how organisms with quicker and more efficient wound responses would have a survival advantage.