Final answer:
To rescue an unconscious survivor, the first choice is removing them from water, then administering CPR if needed, and using an AED if cardiac arrest has occurred. Quick action is important to preserve brain function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rescue Techniques for an Unconscious Survivor
When rescuing an unconscious survivor, the first choice is to safely remove the person from the water as quickly as possible. Once on stable ground, it is important to determine if the person is breathing and check for a pulse. If necessary, CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) should be administered immediately, especially if the airway is still sealed due to the muscular spasm of the larynx, which can improve the chances of recovery. In scenarios where a cardiac arrest has occurred, an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) can be used to analyze the patient's heart rhythm and, if appropriate, deliver an electrical shock. AEDs, which provide verbal instructions for use, are available in many public places and are designed for laypersons. In cold-water drowning cases, there have been instances where children have survived longer periods without oxygen, so it is always recommended to attempt resuscitation.
Lifeguards, paramedics, and rescue personnels are trained in these emergency techniques to provide the best care in critical situations. The ultimate aim in such emergencies is to preserve life by ensuring the brain receives oxygen as fast as possible to prevent irreversible damage or death of neurons, which can occur within minutes of lost blood flow.