Final Answer:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with rickets, a condition characterized by weakened and deformed bones.
Thiamin deficiency can lead to beriberi, which manifests as neurological and cardiovascular symptoms.
Niacin deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by skin rashes, digestive issues, and mental symptoms.
Folate deficiency is linked to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects during pregnancy.
B12 deficiency results in pernicious anemia, neurological issues, and fatigue.
Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, marked by fatigue, swollen gums, and joint pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets): Rickets primarily affects children and is characterized by soft and weakened bones, leading to deformities. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health, and its deficiency can result in skeletal abnormalities.
Thiamin Deficiency (Beriberi): Beriberi is a condition that can affect the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Thiamin (vitamin B1) is essential for energy metabolism, and its deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiovascular complications.
Niacin Deficiency (Pellagra): Pellagra is a disease associated with a lack of niacin (vitamin B3). Symptoms include skin rashes, diarrhea, and mental disturbances. Niacin is vital for cellular metabolism and the maintenance of skin health.
Folate Deficiency (Megaloblastic Anemia and Neural Tube Defects): Folate, or vitamin B9, is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division. Its deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, characterized by enlarged red blood cells. In pregnant women, folate deficiency can contribute to neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
B12 Deficiency (Pernicious Anemia): Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, and neurological issues.
Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy): Scurvy is associated with a lack of vitamin C. Symptoms include fatigue, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, and impaired wound healing. Vitamin C is crucial for collagen synthesis and antioxidant defense.