Final answer:
Respiration is the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide, comprising external and internal respiration. Common respiratory diseases include the common cold, seasonal rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis, all characterized by inflammation in different respiratory system parts. The respiratory system transports oxygen and carbon dioxide via ventilation, perfusion, and exchange in the alveoli.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiration in the Respiratory System
Respiration is a critical biological process that involves the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. It occurs in two main stages: external respiration, which is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood in the lungs, and internal respiration, which is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells. The respiratory system includes structures such as the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and pharynx, which function to allow breathing even when nostrils are congested.
Differences Among Respiratory Diseases
Respiratory diseases such as the common cold, seasonal rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis involve inflammation of different parts of the respiratory system and have varying triggers, such as viruses, allergens, or bacteria. Symptoms typically include nasal congestion, sore throat, and voice changes.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Respiratory System
The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the respiratory system is a complex process involving ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion through the respiratory tract to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The body also has adaptive mechanisms to maintain balance when ventilation or perfusion are insufficient.