Final answer:
Terms like research paradigm, positivism, postpositivism, induction, deduction, epistemology, theoretical framework, and theory are foundational in understanding social research. Each term provides insights into the methodologies and philosophical underpinnings that guide researchers in the pursuit of knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definitions of Terms in Social Research
Research paradigm is a conceptual framework that outlines the approach researchers take in their work, comprising the methods, rules, and values that guide scientific investigation within a discipline. A paradigm provides a comprehensive view on the way research should be conducted.
Positivism is a research paradigm that asserts that real knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations as verified by empirical sciences. It relies heavily on quantitative data and the scientific method to describe and predict how things work.
Postpositivism recognizes that, although absolute truth can never be established, we can get closer to the truth through research and the scientific method. It maintains that all observation is fallible and has elements of uncertainty, so continued inquiry is necessary.
Induction is a reasoning process where specific observations or measurements are used to make broader generalizations or theories. It moves from particular instances to a generalized conclusion.
Deduction is the logical process of deriving a conclusion based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. It moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge and belief. It involves a critical examination of the grounds for our beliefs and an evaluation of their truth and justification.
Theoretical framework is a structure that can hold or support the theory of a research study. It introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists.
Theory is a set of propositions or hypotheses that explain certain phenomena and are typically supported by evidence. Theories can guide research, providing a model for understanding human thoughts, behaviors, and the natural world.
Among these terms, epistemology is a particularly engaging area as it brings forth fundamental questions about what we can know and how we come to know it, sparking deep philosophical inquiry.