Final answer:
Advance directives, such as living wills and DNR orders, allow individuals to make decisions about their medical care in advance. Proactive planning for quality-of-life decisions and end-of-life care is important.
Step-by-step explanation:
Advance directives, such as living wills and do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, are legal documents that allow individuals to make decisions about their medical care in advance in case they become incapacitated or unable to communicate their wishes. They include specific instructions about the type of care a person wants or does not want, such as life-extending treatments or resuscitation. These decisions are often influenced by a person's religion, culture, and upbringing. Additionally, advance planning for quality-of-life decisions and end-of-life care, such as retirement planning and medical power of attorney, are becoming increasingly important. By making proactive decisions about housing, care preferences, and medical decision-makers, individuals can have more control and autonomy in their old age. Decisions surrounding medical response to brain-dead patients and the concept of euthanasia are complex and raise ethical concerns. These issues differ based on individual beliefs and perspectives.