Final answer:
The question pertains to selecting survey participants in Social Studies, describing probability and non-probability sampling methods. Probability sampling includes techniques like simple random sampling or stratified sampling, which allow for generalizable results. Non-probability sampling could use convenience or quota sampling methods, which may lead to biases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject in question focuses on selecting participants for a survey, which is a key aspect of conducting research in Social Studies. When constructing a sample, there are two main types of samples you could consider: a probability sample and a non-probability sample. Probability sampling gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, leading to results that can be generalized to the whole population. In contrast, non-probability sampling does not give each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, which may result in biases. To exemplify, in probability sampling, you might use techniques such as simple random sampling, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen, or stratified random sampling, where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum. In the case of non-probability sampling, convenience sampling might be used, where participants are chosen based on their availability, or quota sampling, where the researcher selects a sample that reflects certain characteristics of the population. It is essential to choose the type of sample that best suits your research objectives and the resources available, as this will affect the validity and reliability of your research findings.