Question

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need help w these two please
What is the consequence of cell or axon damage in the central nervous system? axons readily regenerate and return to normal function regeneration of axons only occurs if a myelin sheath is present dam

Answer 1

Damage to axons in the central nervous system often results in limited regeneration and can lead to neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and permanent paralysis due to scar tissue formation that inhibits regrowth of nerve fibers.

Step-by-step explanation:

Damage to axons or cells in the central nervous system (CNS) can have profound consequences because these axons have a limited capacity to regenerate. This is in contrast to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where axon regeneration is more common. In the CNS, oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath, which wraps around axons and is essential for the rapid transmission of electrical signals. When the myelin sheath is damaged, as seen in disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), the transmission of signals is impaired, leading to a range of neurological symptoms such as fatigue, vision problems, and weakness of limbs. One of the challenges in the CNS is that after injury, scar tissue often forms, which inhibits the regrowth of axons. Additionally, other factors within the CNS environment also prevent nerve fiber regrowth. This can result in permanent loss of function, as is seen with spinal cord injuries which may lead to paralysis below the level of injury.