Final answer:
Macronutrients include fats, providing energy and aiding in vitamin absorption; proteins, for tissue growth and repair, hormone and enzyme formation; and carbohydrates, the primary energy source, important for brain function and digestion. Imbalances can cause health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fats (lipids) are essential macronutrients that serve several critical functions in the body. They are a dense source of energy, providing about 9 Calories per gram, and they help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Fats are also vital components of cell membranes, play a role in insulating the body, and protect vital organs. Proteins are comprised of amino acids and they are fundamental to the growth and repair of tissues. Each gram of protein provides approximately 4 Calories of energy.
They are necessary for the functioning of the central nervous system, kidneys, brain, and muscles. Carbohydrates also play a key role in intestinal health and waste elimination. Long-term deficiencies or excesses in these macronutrients can lead to serious health issues. A deficit in any macronutrient may result in malnourishment, decreased energy levels, and impaired bodily functions. Conversely, excessive intake can contribute to obesity, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and other health complications.